Ibikoresho byo kwisiga byo kwisiga ni plastiki, ibirahure n'impapuro. Mugihe cyo gukoresha, gutunganya no kubika plastike, bitewe nibintu bitandukanye byo hanze nkumucyo, ogisijeni, ubushyuhe, imirasire, impumuro, imvura, ifu, bagiteri, nibindi, imiterere yimiti ya plastike irasenywa, bikaviramo gutakaza umwimerere mwiza cyane. Ibi bintu byitwa gusaza. Ibintu nyamukuru bigaragarira mu gusaza kwa plastike ni amabara, impinduka mumiterere yumubiri, impinduka mumiterere yimashini nimpinduka mumashanyarazi.
1. Amavu n'amavuko yo gusaza kwa plastike
Mubuzima bwacu, ibicuruzwa bimwe byanze bikunze byerekanwa numucyo, kandi urumuri ultraviolet mumirasire yizuba, hamwe nubushyuhe bwinshi, imvura nikime, bizatuma ibicuruzwa bihura nibintu bishaje nko gutakaza imbaraga, guturika, gukuramo, guceceka, amabara, na ifu. Imirasire y'izuba nubushuhe nibintu nyamukuru bitera gusaza kwibintu. Imirasire y'izuba irashobora gutera ibikoresho byinshi gutesha agaciro, bifitanye isano no kwiyumvisha ibintu hamwe n'ibikoresho. Buri kintu gisubiza muburyo butandukanye.
Ibintu bikunze gusaza kuri plastiki mubidukikije ni ubushyuhe n'umucyo ultraviolet, kubera ko ibidukikije ibikoresho bya pulasitike byibasiwe cyane nubushyuhe nizuba (urumuri ultraviolet). Kwiga gusaza kwa plastiki biterwa nubwoko bubiri bwibidukikije bifite akamaro kanini kubikoresha nyabyo. Ikizamini cyacyo cyo gusaza gishobora kugabanywamo ibyiciro bibiri: guhura hanze na laboratoire yihuse yo gusaza.
Mbere yuko ibicuruzwa bishyirwa mubikorwa binini, hagomba gukorwa ubushakashatsi bwo gusaza bworoheje kugirango hamenyekane gusaza. Ariko, gusaza bisanzwe birashobora gufata imyaka itari mike cyangwa birebire kugirango ubone ibisubizo, biragaragara ko bidahuye numusaruro nyirizina. Byongeye kandi, imiterere yikirere ahantu hatandukanye iratandukanye. Ibikoresho bimwe byikizamini bigomba kugeragezwa ahantu hatandukanye, byongera cyane ikiguzi cyo kwipimisha.
2. Ikizamini cyo hanze
Kumenyekanisha hanze byerekana urumuri rwizuba nibindi bihe byikirere. Nuburyo butaziguye bwo gusuzuma ikirere cyibikoresho bya plastiki.
Ibyiza:
Igiciro gito
Guhora neza
Biroroshye kandi byoroshye gukora
Ibibi:
Mubisanzwe birebire cyane
Imihindagurikire y’ikirere ku isi
Ingero zitandukanye zifite sensibilité zitandukanye mubihe bitandukanye
3. Laboratoire yihutishije uburyo bwo gupima gusaza
Ikizamini cya laboratoire yumusaza ntigishobora kugabanya ukwezi gusa, ariko kandi gifite inshuro nyinshi zisubirwamo kandi kigari. Byarangiye muri laboratoire mugihe cyose, utitaye kubibuza imiterere, kandi biroroshye gukora kandi bifite ubugenzuzi bukomeye. Kwigana ibidukikije bimurika no gukoresha uburyo bwihuse bwo gusaza bwumusaza birashobora kugera ku ntego yo gusuzuma vuba imikorere yibikorwa. Uburyo nyamukuru bukoreshwa ni ultraviolet yumucyo wo gusaza, ikizamini cya xenon cyo gusaza hamwe na carbone arc gusaza.
1. Uburyo bwa Xenon bworoshye bwo gupima
Ikizamini cya Xenon cyo gusaza nikizamini kigereranya urumuri rwizuba rwuzuye. Ikizamini cya Xenon cyo gusaza gishobora kwigana ikirere gisanzwe mugihe gito. Nuburyo bwingenzi bwo kwerekana formulaire no kunoza ibigize mugikorwa cyubushakashatsi bwa siyanse n’umusaruro, kandi ni igice cyingenzi cyo kugenzura ubuziranenge bwibicuruzwa.
Ikizamini cya Xenon cyasaza gishobora gufasha guhitamo ibikoresho bishya, guhindura ibikoresho bihari, no gusuzuma uburyo impinduka zifatika zigira ingaruka kumara igihe cyibicuruzwa
Ihame shingiro: Icyumba cyo gupima itara rya xenon rikoresha amatara ya xenon kugirango bigereranye ingaruka zumucyo wizuba, kandi rikoresha ubuhehere bwuzuye kugirango bigereranye imvura nikime. Ibikoresho byapimwe bishyirwa mukizunguruka cyumucyo nubushuhe mubushyuhe runaka kugirango bipimishe, kandi birashobora kubyara ingaruka zibera hanze mumezi cyangwa imyaka mumyaka mike cyangwa ibyumweru.
Gusaba ikizamini:
Irashobora gutanga urugero rwibidukikije hamwe nibizamini byihuse kubushakashatsi bwa siyanse, iterambere ryibicuruzwa no kugenzura ubuziranenge.
Irashobora gukoreshwa muguhitamo ibikoresho bishya, kunoza ibikoresho bihari cyangwa gusuzuma igihe kirekire nyuma yimpinduka yibintu.
Irashobora kwigana impinduka zatewe nibikoresho byerekanwe nurumuri rwizuba mubihe bitandukanye bidukikije.
2. Uburyo bwa UV fluorescent yumusaza uburyo bwo gupima
Ikizamini cyo gusaza UV kigereranya cyane cyane ingaruka zo kwangirika kwurumuri rwa UV kumurasire yizuba kubicuruzwa. Muri icyo gihe, irashobora kandi kubyara ibyangiritse biterwa n'imvura n'ikime. Ikizamini gikozwe mugushira ahabona ibikoresho bizageragezwa mugihe cyizunguruka cyumucyo wizuba nubushuhe mugihe byongera ubushyuhe. Amatara ya Ultraviolet fluorescent akoreshwa mu kwigana urumuri rw'izuba, kandi ingaruka z'ubushuhe nazo zirashobora kwiganwa no guhunika cyangwa gutera.
Itara rya fluorescent UV ni itara ryumuvuduko muke wa mercure ufite uburebure bwa 254nm. Bitewe no kongera fosifore kubana kugirango ihindurwe mu burebure burebure, gukwirakwiza ingufu z'itara rya fluorescent UV biterwa n’imyuka ihumanya iterwa no kubana na fosifore hamwe no gukwirakwiza ikirahuri. Amatara ya Fluorescent ubusanzwe agabanijwemo UVA na UVB. Porogaramu yerekana ibikoresho byerekana ubwoko bwitara rya UV rigomba gukoreshwa.
3. Carbon arc itara ryumucyo uburyo bwo gupima
Itara rya Carbone arc ni tekinoroji ishaje. Igikoresho cya Carbone arc cyakoreshwaga naba chimiste bo mu Budage ba sintetike yo kwisiga kugirango basuzume ubworoherane bwimyenda yimyenda irangi. Amatara ya Carbone arc agabanijwemo amatara afunze kandi afunguye amatara ya arc. Hatitawe ku bwoko bwamatara ya karubone, ubunini bwayo buratandukanye cyane nurumuri rwizuba. Bitewe n'amateka maremare yubu buhanga bwumushinga, tekinoroji yambere yo kwigana ibishushanyo mbonera byifashishije ibyo bikoresho, ubwo buryo rero burashobora kugaragara mubipimo byambere, cyane cyane mubuyapani bwambere, aho ikoranabuhanga ryamatara ya karubone ryakoreshwaga nkurumuri rwubukorikori. uburyo bwo gupima gusaza.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Kanama-20-2024